Apgar score svenska
The Apgar score is a quick way for health professionals to evaluate the health of all newborns at 1 and 5 minutes after birth and in response to resuscitation. Today, the categories developed by Apgar used to assess the health of a newborn remain largely the same as inthough the way they are implemented and used has evolved over the years. For each criterion, newborns can receive a score from 0 to 2.
Bedömning enligt Apgar
Apgar originally developed the criteria as a way to address the lack of a standardized way to assess the need for assistive breathing procedures for newborns. Inefforts to establish a scientific basis to the score increased. Alongside Duncan Holaday and Stanley James, [ 2 ] Apgar published a research paper using the scores of 15, infants to establish the association between a low Apgar score and laboratory findings characteristics of asphyxia.
The Apgar score is no longer used as a way to determine the need for newborn resuscitation because supportive measures must be implemented prior to 1 minute after birth, the first time-point at which the Apgar score is determined. Various members of the healthcare team, including midwives, nurses, or physicians, may be involved in the Apgar scoring of a neonate.
Scores of seven and above are generally normal; four to six, fairly low; and three and below are generally regarded as critically low and apgar score svenska for immediate resuscitative efforts. A low score on the one-minute mark may show that the neonate requires medical attention, [ 8 ] but does not necessarily indicate a long-term apgar score svenska, particularly if the score improves at the five-minute mark.
A constellation of factors may contribute to a low Apgar score value. It is not designed to predict long-term health issues. A score of 10 is uncommon, due to the prevalence of transient cyanosisand does not substantially differ from a score of nine. Transient cyanosis is common, particularly in babies born at high altitude. In cases where a newborn needs resuscitation, it should be initiated before the Apgar score is assigned at the one-minute mark.
Therefore, the Apgar score is not used to determine if initial resuscitation is needed, rather it is used to determine if resuscitation efforts should be continued. Variation between the one-minute and five-minute Apgar scores can be used to assess an infant's response to resuscitation.
Bedömning enligt Apgar - NeoHLR-utbildning
If the score is below seven at the five-minute mark, the Neonatal Resuscitation Program guidelines specify that the infant's Apgar score should be reassessed at five-minute intervals for up to 20 minutes. Exceedingly few infants who have an Apgar score of 0 at 10 minutes of age survive with intact neurological function. As a result, the Neonatal Resuscitation Program suggests that if no pulse is appreciable at 10 minutes of life, "discontinuation of resuscitative efforts may be appropriate.
During neonatal resuscitation, Apgar scores may not accurately represent the condition of the neonate as resuscitation measures i. As a result, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists encourage the use of an expanded Apgar apgar score svenska report, which records resuscitation efforts utilized at each time point. A systematic review that analyzed the relationship between umbilical cord pH and neonatal outcomes found that low cord pH is strongly correlated with mortality, morbidity and cerebral palsy in childhood.
There are numerous factors that contribute to the Apgar apgar score svenska, several of which are subjective. Examples of subjective factors include but are not limited to color, tone, and reflex irritability. Other factors that may contribute to variability among infants are birth defects, sedation of the mother during labor, gestational age or trauma. Inappropriately using the Apgar score has led to errors in diagnosing asphyxia.
Various studies have shown that the Apgar score has variability between individual medical providers. One study was done in which several health care providers were assigned to give Apgar scores to the same infants. A paper by Amos Grunebaumwhich reviewed the care of nine million babies, was published in the Journal of Perinatal Medicine ; the report showed that non-white babies were given lower Apgar scores than white babies, as their darker skin color often results in lower scores on the appearance measure, making them more likely to receive apgar score svenska care that might not be needed.
Some ten years after initial publication, [ 20 ] a backronym for APGAR was coined in the United States as a mnemonic learning aid: Appearance skin colorPulse heart rateGrimace reflex irritabilityActivity muscle toneand Respiration. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk.
Apgarskalan
Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikidata item. Scale for newborn viability. For other uses, see Apgar. History and development of the Apgar score [ edit ]. Criteria [ edit ]. Interpretation of scores [ edit ]. Implementation of scores [ edit ].