Patrioter amerikanska revolutionen
The American Revolution was a rebellion and political movement in the Thirteen Colonies which peaked when colonists initiated an ultimately successful war for patrioter amerikanska revolutionen against the Kingdom of Great Britain. Leaders of the American Revolution were colonial separatist leaders who originally sought more autonomy as British subjects, but later assembled to support the Revolutionary War, which ended British colonial rule over the colonies, establishing their independence as the United States of America in July Discontent with colonial rule began shortly after the defeat of France in the French and Indian War in Although the colonies had fought and supported the war, Parliament imposed new taxes to compensate for wartime costs and turned control of the colonies' western lands over to the British officials in Montreal.
Representatives from several colonies convened the Stamp Act Congress ; its "Declaration of Rights and Grievances" argued that taxation without representation violated their rights as Englishmen. Intensions flared again following the British Parliament's passage of the Townshend Acts. A local confrontation resulted in the troops killing protesters in the Boston Massacre on March 5, London closed Boston Harbor and enacted a series of punitive lawswhich effectively ended self-government in Massachusetts.
It began coordinating Patriot resistance through underground networks of committees. In April British forces attempted to disarm local militias around Boston and engaged them. On June 14,the Second Continental Congress responded by authorizing formation of the Continental Army and appointing George Washington as its commander-in-chief. In August the patrioter amerikanska revolutionen proclaimed Massachusetts to be in a state of open defiance and rebellion.
The Continental Army surrounded Boston, and the British withdrew by sea in Marchleaving the Patriots in control in every colony. In Julythe Second Continental Congress began to take on the role of governing a new nation. It passed the Lee Resolution for national independence on July 2, and on July 4,adopted the Declaration of Independencewhich embodied the political philosophies of liberalism and republicanismrejected monarchy and aristocracyand famously proclaimed that " all men are created equal ".
The fighting continued for five years, now known as the Revolutionary War. During that time, the kingdoms of France and Spain entered as allies of the United States. The decisive victory came in the fall ofwhen the combined American and French armies captured an entire British army in the Siege of Yorktown.
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The defeat led to the collapse of King George's control of Parliament, with a majority now in favor of ending the war on American terms. About 60, Loyalists migrated to other British territories in Canada and elsewhere, but the great majority remained in the United States. With its victory in the American Revolution, the United States became the first constitutional republic in world history founded on the consent of the governed and the rule of law.
The Thirteen Colonies were established in the 17th century as part of the English Empireand they formed part of the British Empire after the union of England and Scotland in After the Stuart Restoration ofMassachusetts did not recognize Charles II as the legitimate king for more than a year after his coronation. In King Philip's War —the New England colonies fought a handful of Native American tribes without military assistance from England, thereby contributing to the development of a unique American identity separate from that of the British people.
Edmund Andros was appointed royal governor and tasked with governing the new Dominion under his direct rule. Colonial assemblies and town meetings were restricted, new taxes were levied, and rights were abridged. Dominion rule triggered bitter resentment throughout New England. The new monarchs, William and Marygranted new charters to the individual New England colonies, and local democratic self-government was restored.
After the Glorious Revolution, the British Empire was patrioter amerikanska revolutionen constitutional monarchy with sovereignty residing in the King-in-Parliament. Aristocrats inherited seats in the House of Lordswhile the gentry and merchants controlled the elected House of Patrioter amerikanska revolutionen. The king ruled through cabinet ministers who depended on majority support in the Commons to govern effectively.
The Crown appointed a royal governor to exercise executive power.
American Revolution
With little industry except shipbuilding, the colonies exported agricultural products to Britain in return for manufactured goods. They also imported molasses, rum, and sugar from the British West Indies. According to mercantilism, the colonies existed for the mother country's economic benefit, and the colonists' economic needs took second place. The Thirteen Colonies could trade with the rest of the empire, but certain patrioter amerikanska revolutionen like tobacco could be shipped only to Britain.
Any European imports bound for British America had to first pass through an English port and pay customs duties. Colonial reactions to these policies were mixed. The Molasses Act of placed a duty of six pence per gallon upon foreign molasses imported into the colonies. This act was particularly egregious to the New England colonists, who protested it as taxation without representation.
American Revolutionary War - Wikipedia
The act led to an increase in the smuggling of foreign molasses, and the British government ceased enforcement efforts after the s. The restrictions on foreign-built ships greatly benefitted the colonial shipbuilding industry, particularly in New England. The British government lacked the resources and information needed to control the colonies. Instead, British officials negotiated and compromised with colonial leaders to gain compliance with imperial policies.